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Engineering LiF-Incorporated Biochar Anodes for High-Capacity and Long-Term Stable Lithium Storage
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DOI：10.1002/bte2.70141.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Biochar derived from waste biomass provides a sustainable approach for pollution control and cost-effective lithium-ion battery (LIB) production. Among emerging modification strategies, lithium fluoride (LiF) incorporation offers a promising route to improve the lithium-storage performance of biochar-derived anodes. To address these challenges, yellow pine biochar (21.5% ash by TGA) was purified using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), reducing impurities to 0.4% and yielding a cleaner, more uniform surface conducive to stable electrochemical performance. The biochar was then carbonized at 1000°C and 1400°C and modified with LiF (3 and 5 wt%) via ball milling to compensate for lithium loss during SEI formation. Structural and compositional analyses were conducted using XRD, XPS, SEM, BET, and Raman spectroscopy, followed by electrochemical evaluation in half-cell configurations. Biochar carbonized at 1000°C delivered 423.7 mAh g−1 at 0.02 A g−1, while incorporation of 3 and 5 wt% LiF boosted capacities to 488.4 and 507.4 mAh g−1, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining over 90% after 1600 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. Notably, biochar carbonized at 1400°C with 3 wt% LiF showed slightly lower capacity (368.53 mAh g−1) but superior stability, maintaining 94% after 1600 cycles. This work presents a practical approach for engineering high-performance biochar-based anodes to achieve durable lithium-ion energy storage.
Keywords:
anode
biochar
extraction
lithium-ion battery
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