Engineering tailor-made enzyme blends: emerging fungal platforms for biomass bioconversion

Yashika Raheja

doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2026.100504

Engineering tailor-made enzyme blends: emerging fungal platforms for biomass bioconversion

2026-08-05

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PRE

AI

Y

Yashika Raheja

P

Prachi Gaur

A

Ajay Chauhan

V

Vivek Kumar Gaur *

B

Bhupinder Singh Chadha

DOI：10.1016/j.fbr.2026.100504

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Abstract

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Sustainable deployment of lignocellulosic biofuels hinges on enzyme cocktails that are efficient, robust and inexpensive. Trichoderma reesei remains the industrial workhorse, yet its low β-glucosidase activity, moderate thermostability and susceptibility to carbon catabolite repression limit performance. This review critically compares the secretomes, genomics and process attributes of established and emerging filamentous fungi including Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger, Myceliophthora thermophila and, centrally, the thermophile Rasamsonia emersonii. Multi-omics analyses reveal that R. emersonii possesses a deeper repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes, especially high-temperature endoglucanases, β-glucosidases and AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), and can operate optimally at high temperatures and lower pH, reducing viscosity and contamination in high-solids hydrolysis. Advances in strain engineering, soluble-inducer strategies and fed-batch cultivation are summarized, highlighting paths to enzyme costs below US $0.20/kg. We discuss synergistic formulations that pair R. emersonii activities with commercial T. reesei and A. niger products and outline remaining knowledge gaps in transport-mediated induction and redox regulation. Collectively, the review positions R. emersonii as a front-runner for next-generation, on-site enzyme manufacturing in second generation (2G) biorefineries.

Engineering tailor-made enzyme blends: emerging fungal platforms for biomass bioconversion

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