Enhancement and mechanistic elucidation of thermal and electrochemical performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with wavy integrated cooling configurations under diverse coolant flow conditions

2026-08-01

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Zhengyan Li

Lei Xian

Guoqiu Liu

Zihan Wang

Lei Chen *

Wen-Quan Tao

DOI：10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121971

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• Integrated cooling configurations and their wavy and hybrid variants are proposed. • Improved coolant flow and heat conduction patterns yield superior thermal management. • Enhanced cooling shifts water equilibrium, reducing ohmic and concentration losses. • Designs exhibit better uniformity yet lower output gains under high-flow conditions. • Optimal layouts across varied coolant flow rates enhance net power by 1.96% to 3.61%.

Enhancement and mechanistic elucidation of thermal and electrochemical performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with wavy integrated cooling configurations under diverse coolant flow conditions

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