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Enhancement of mesopause zonal winds observed at middle latitude prior to the super geomagnetic storm in May 2024
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DOI：10.1016/j.asr.2026.03.065.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Based on observations from the Yinchuan meteor radar (38.8 degrees N, 106.8 degrees E), we report an extremely strong eastward wind in sphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region at 22:00 UTC on 9 May 2024, prior to the onset of the super geomagnetic storm May 2024. The maximum eastward wind reached 141 m/s at 92 km altitude, significantly exceeding the climatological mean of the same local time in May over Yinchuan. Simulations using the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate with Thermosphere and Ionosphere Extension (SD-WACCM-X), combined with statistical analyses, indicate that this wind ment was not mainly driven by global geomagnetic disturbances. Instead, a pronounced amplification of the 8-h tidal wave was concurrently with the enhanced eastward winds, with the tidal amplitude exceeding 30 m/s at 92 km. The intensified 8-h tide likely ulated the background wind, leading to the observed wind enhancement. This study provides the first observational evidence abnormal mesopause zonal wind enhancement preceding a super geomagnetic storm and highlights the crucial role of tidal modulating neutral wind variability in the MLT region during geomagnetically active periods. (c) 2026 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and technologies.
Keywords:
Geomagnetic storm
Meteor radar
SD-WACCM-X
Neutral wind
Solar tides
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