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Enhancing low-energy X-ray excited afterglow in lanthanide-doped fluoride core@shell nanoparticles for autofluorescence-free imaging
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DOI：10.1016/j.cej.2024.156964.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit tunable X-ray excited afterglow (XEA), holding great promise for autofluorescence-free flexible X-ray imaging. However, materials with low atomic numbers, while sensitive to low-energy X-ray photons, suffer from weak X-ray absorption coefficients. This poses a significant challenge in achieving high-performance XEA with minimized radiation risk. In this study, we enhance the low-energy XEA of lanthanide activators by engineering the interfacial defect formation energy (E-f) in CaF2-based heterogeneous core/shell nanoarchitectures. Mechanistic investigations demonstrate that a large lattice misfit between the core and shell reduces the interfacial defect E-f, facilitating the formation of Frenkel defects and significantly increasing XEA intensity after low-energy X-ray irradiation. Specifically, the heterogeneous CaF2:Tb@CaLuF5 core/shell NPs, with a misfit of 3.382 %, exhibit approximately similar to 8.9 times higher XEA intensity compared to the CaF2:Tb@CaF2 homogeneous core/shell NPs at 10 kV. Furthermore, integrating the CaF2:Tb@CaLuF5 NPs into a flexible scintillation screen enables XEA-based delayed imaging with high spatial resolution, up to approximately 14.2 lp mm(-1), and an autofluorescence-free background. These findings advance the development of superior low-energy XEA materials and pave the way for autofluorescence-free three-dimensional X-ray imaging.
Keywords:
X-ray
Afterglow
Autofluorescence-free
Fluoride
Core@shell
Lattice misfit
Journal
IF:
13.2
Papers:
7.4W
Citations:
48.5W