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Enhancing mechanical-to-charge conversion in triboelectric nanogenerators
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DOI：10.1039/D5EE03995A.png)
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Abstract
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Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) hold transformative promise for renewable energy harvesting and as power sources for the Internet of Things. However; a key challenge remains in concurrently enhancing their output energy and energy conversion efficiency; especially at high triboelectric charge densities. Here; our study reveals that increased frictional heat and electrostatic force at elevated charge densities lead to greater energy dissipations; thereby limiting efficiency improvements. To address this issue; we introduce a novel metric; the mechanical-to-charge conversion factor (fM–Q); which quantitatively correlates surface charge density with friction force. This enables simultaneous assessment and optimization of output energy and energy conversion efficiency. Assisted by strategic material selection and interfacial lubrication; this synergy elevates fM–Q by 7.8-fold; achieving a remarkable 17-fold enhancement in energy conversion efficiency and a record-breaking energy density of 11.9 J m−2 cycle−1. This work provides new insights into advancing practical triboelectric technologies with benefits of both performance and efficiency.
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