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Entangled BB84 Quantum key distribution with complementary validation mechanism
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DOI：10.1080/19393555.2025.2580270.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This study proposes a quantum key distribution (QKD) method based on the BB84 protocol, enhanced with quantum entanglement to improve key integrity and eavesdropping detection. The protocol employs two complementary metrics: Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) and Entanglement Check Ratio (ECR). QBER measures errors in key bits when both parties use the same basis, serving as the primary intrusion detector, while ECR reflects the proportion of entangled qubit pairs maintaining correlation across cross-basis measurements, acting as an indicator of entanglement integrity. The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) test further validates entanglement by confirming Bell inequality violations. Simulation results show that the protocol effectively detects eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle (MiTM) attacks, with QBER rising under attack and ECR/CHSH values reflecting statistical entanglement degradation. Evaluation under practical noise conditions, including photon loss and detector inefficiency, demonstrates that ECR reliably indicates entanglement integrity even when the number of sifted key bits is reduced, while QBER remains the primary indicator of intrusion. This dual-metric approach, reinforced by CHSH analysis, provides a robust framework for detecting external interference and validating quantum behavior internally. The proposed entangled BB84 protocol offers a secure and efficient QKD solution, with potential for extension to long-distance and more physically robust implementations.
Keywords:
Entangled BB84
entanglement check ratio
quantum bit error rate
quantum cryptography
quantum key distribution
Journal
I
IF:
1.4
Papers:
39
Citations:
0