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Entropy Engineering in Multimetallic Hydroxides and Oxides: A New Paradigm for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
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DOI：10.1039/D6NH00108D.png)
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Abstract
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The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a central kinetic bottleneck in electrochemical energy-conversion technologies; motivating intensive exploration of earth-abundant electrocatalysts capable of delivering high activity and long-term stability. In recent years; high-entropy oxides and hydroxides have emerged as a powerful and versatile catalyst platform; where configurational entropy stabilizes multimetallic; defect-rich structures with highly tunable electronic and geometric environments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of entropy engineering strategies applied to oxides and hydroxides for OER electrocatalysis. We discuss the fundamental thermodynamic principles underpinning high-entropy stabilization; key structure–property relationships arising from lattice distortion; sluggish diffusion; and multication “cocktail” effects; and recent advances across crystalline and amorphous high-entropy oxides; perovskites; spinels; and high-entropy hydroxides. Particular emphasis is placed on mechanistic insights into adsorbate evolution; lattice oxygen-mediated; and emerging hybrid OER pathways in disordered lattices; as well as the role of operando reconstruction and oxygen vacancy dynamics. Finally; current challenges and future perspectives are outlined; highlighting the need for entropy-aware theoretical modeling; operando characterization; machine-learning-guided catalyst discovery; and expansion toward neutral-media and multifunctional electrocatalysis. Collectively; this review establishes high-entropy materials as a transformative paradigm for next-generation; earth-abundant OER catalysts.
Keywords:
High-entropy oxides
High-entropy hydroxides
Oxygen evolution reaction
Electrocatalysis
Entropy engineering
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