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Environmental Burden of Diesel Engines: A Life-Cycle Assessment and the Imperative for Cleaner Alternatives
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DOI：10.1002/gch2.70130.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Internal combustion engine (ICE) is still the major source of energy for transportation systems worldwide. However, their environmental impacts continue to be a major issue, especially in developing countries like India. Since there is a lack of environmental evaluation of ICE technologies under Indian operating conditions, this study presents a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a newly developed diesel engine under Indian operating conditions. The assessment follows the ISO 14040 framework and employs the ReCiPe Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methodology across production, operation, and end-of-life (EoL) phases. The operational phase is considered the major contributor to environmental degradation, mainly because of the consumption of diesel fuel. When neat diesel is used as the fuel, the highest impact is observed for Climate Change Potential (CCP) with 363,513.60 kg CO2-eq, followed by fossil resource scarcity with 58,358.51 kg oil-eq and Acidification Potential (AP) with 18,193.93 kg SO2-eq. Photochemical Ozone Formation Potential (POFP) and Fine Particulate Matter Formation (FPMF) also present significant impacts with 259.16 kg NOx-eq. and 501.45 kg PM-eq., respectively. The results emphasize the need for new fuel alternatives like biodiesel, technological solutions like hybridization and proper policy measures for successfully reducing environmental emissions associated with ICE.
Keywords:
acidification potential
ecological evaluation
environmental impact
life cycle assessment
ReCiPe method
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