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Environmental filtering drives microbial niche shift from generalists to specialists during the aging of proglacial lakes
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DOI：10.1002/lno.70446.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Global warming is altering material cycles in cryospheric and aquatic ecosystems. Accelerated glacier retreat has spurred the formation of numerous proglacial lakes, providing ideal natural laboratories for studying early ecological succession. However, the mechanisms driving microbial succession as these lakes age, particularly shifts in niche strategies and community assembly, remain poorly understood. We investigated 12 proglacial lakes at distinct developmental stages on the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with formation dates ranging from before the 1980s to 2020. By integrating 16S/18S rRNA sequencing, molecular networks, and null models, we characterized microbial successional trajectories along this gradient. As lakes aged, α-diversity decreased whereas β-diversity increased for both bacteria and eukaryotes, and this β-diversity shift was primarily attributable to species turnover. These changes coincided with systemic niche contraction and network simplification, leading to a significant decline in community stability. Notably, assembly processes differed between bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacterial communities shifted from stochasticity to homogeneous selection, whereas eukaryotic assembly was consistently governed by dispersal limitation. Functionally, bacteria transitioned from high-cost stress-response traits such as cold shock proteins to efficient nutrient biosynthesis including histidine and lysine. Together, these findings advance our understanding of divergent microbial succession and assembly mechanisms in proglacial lakes, providing critical insights into ecosystem development under climate-driven glacier retreat.
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