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Ester-functionalized nonfullerene acceptors modulate crystallinity enabling 20% efficiency organic solar cells with scalability
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DOI：10.1016/j.mser.2025.101118.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The strategic molecular design of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) is pivotal for enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). Transitioning from high-efficiency small-area devices to large-area modules requires equally meticulous device engineering, yet this critical aspect is often overlooked. Here, we report two new NFAs (Pz-E2F and Pz-E2Cl) designed through an ester-functionalization strategy on the phenazine (Pz) core, a departure from conventional halogenation approaches and enhance the OSC performance from 0.1 cm2 device (20.03 % efficiency) to 19.3 cm2 modules (15.56 % efficiency). Theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrate that ester functionalization of the central Pz-core enhances electrostatic interactions, crystallinity, and donor-acceptor miscibility compared to the non-ester-functionalized Pz-2F, thus improving exciton dissociation efficiency, reducing exciton recombination rates, creating more balanced hole/electron mobility, and enhancing charge generation in OSC devices. This work provides a holistic solution for OSCs by bridging molecular design, nanoscale crystallization, device physics, and module engineering, addressing critical gaps between molecules and modules.
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