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Evaluating efficiency and sustainability in Japanese container ports: Insights for green port management
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DOI：10.1016/j.rtbm.2025.101592.png)
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Abstract
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Ports play a critical role in global trade and logistics, yet their efficiency must be assessed not only by operational performance but also through environmental sustainability metrics. This study evaluates the operational and environmental efficiency of Japan's top ten container ports using data envelopment analysis, combining both slacks-based measures and the undesirable output models. The research results show that Tokyo, Yokohama, and Kobe ports perform best in operational efficiency, with efficiency scores of 1.000; while Tomakomai and Hakata ports have low scores of 0.233 and 0.363, respectively, due to insufficient infrastructure utilization. In terms of environmental efficiency, Kobe and Yokohama ports also perform well, with efficiency values of 1.000, while Tomakomai Port has the lowest environmental efficiency of only 0.084. The result found that high-efficiency ports usually have advanced automation equipment and green infrastructure, while low-efficiency ports face problems of inefficient energy utilization and high emission intensity. The dual efficiency evaluation framework constructed in this research provides port managers and policymakers with a quantitative basis for green port transformation and supports Japan's sustainable port development path planning under the decarbonization goals.
Keywords:
Container port sustainability
Green port development
Port performance evaluation
Maritime decarbonization
Port efficiency benchmarking
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