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Evaluating Extraction of Magnesium and Lithium Compounds from Seawater Using Byproducts of Demonstration-Scale Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis
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DOI：10.1002/cssc.70948.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Seawater is an abundant source of critical minerals, but low concentrations make mining uneconomical. Coupling seawater mining with other ocean-based processes could improve economic feasibility. Here, we investigate coupling it to bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED), an emerging technology developed for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE)—a marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) pathway. BPMED generates acid and base from seawater, which are key inputs for mineral extraction. Using a demonstration-scale BPMED system, we characterized and identified mineral-rich streams within the process for Li+ and Mg2+ recovery. Li+ was extracted using an inorganic sorbent (H2TiO3) regenerated with BPMED acid, while high-purity Mg(OH)2 was selectively precipitated using BPMED base via a laminar coflow method. Our results show that Li+ and Mg2+ extraction from natural seawater using BPMED-sourced acid/base streams provide performance comparable to that obtained using commercial acid/base solutions. Preliminary cost–benefit assessments show that Mg(OH)2 extraction could generate positive net revenue, but Li+ recovery is uneconomical relative to the value of Mg2+ recovery. Importantly, the alkaline effluent post-Mg(OH)2 recovery retains alkalinity relevant to OAE under tested conditions. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility and benefits of integrating mCDR with seawater mining to advance sustainable ocean-based climate solutions.
Keywords:
carbon dioxide removal
critical materials
electrodialysis
precipitation
seawater mining
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