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Evaluation of avocado (Persia americana mill) seedling and clonal rootstock races performance under drought stress conditions
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DOI：10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45149.png)
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Abstract
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Avocado (Persea americana Mill) has huge attention in the international market for its nutritional and medicinal values and as raw material for cosmetic industries. However, the productivity of the plant is often constrained due to crop management and biotic and abiotic stresses. Hence, the current study was conducted with the objective of evaluating clonal and seedling rootstocks under different drought stress levels upon grafting. For this study, three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was carried out to assess callus and root formation of air-layered stem cuttings of three avocado races (Mexican, Guatemalan, and West Indian). In the second experiment, the clonal rootstock races (Mexican and Guatemalan) having good rooting performance in the first experiment were grafted on Ettinger as scion. The growth performance was then evaluated under three (30%, 60%, and 100% of field capacity) drought stress conditions. Similarly, the third experiment was conducted using seedling rootstock of Mexican, Guatemalan, and West Indian avocado races grafted on Ettinger scion under three drought stress conditions (30%, 60%, and 100% of field capacity). Both experiments two and three were replicated three times and laid down in a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement. The result revealed that the Mexican race was the best in callus and root formation upon air layering. Clonal rootstock races significantly differed for the graft success, shoot, and root growth of grafted avocado seedlings. In experiment two, the Mexican race was better in scion and rootstock diameters and rooting performance. Scion and root diameter, number of buds and leaves, graft success, and root fresh and dry weights were significantly influenced by drought tress. Full field capacity (100%) had the highest graft success and root growth. In experiment three, grafted seedling length, leaf growth and weights, fresh and dry seedling biomass were influenced by the interaction of races and drought stresses. The growth performance of grafted seedlings was significantly higher when the Mexican avocado race was used as the rootstock under all levels of drought stress. In contrast, West Indian race as rootstock showed poor performance under all the levels of drought stress conditions.
Keywords:
Growth
Mexican
Propagation
Rooting
Scion
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