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Evaluation of EPI-Based Distortion Correction Techniques for Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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DOI：10.1002/nbm.70147.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) is susceptible to image distortion while using an echo planar imaging (EPI) readouts. FSL TOPUP and TORTOISE DR-BUDDI are image distortion correction techniques that have been implemented to correct EPI distortion in neurological applications. We sought to establish which EPI-based distortion correction technique is most suitable for cDTI. Using a free-breathing second-order moment-compensated spin-echo technique, cDTI was acquired in healthy volunteers (N =10) using both blip-up (BU) and blip-down (BD) EPI readouts. These datasets were then distortion corrected using the TOPUP and DR-BUDDI software packages. BU, BD, TOPUP, and DR-BUDDI images were then characterized by (1) geometric fidelity using the Dice Similarity coefficient (DSC), epicardial average Hausdorff distance (AHD(epi)), and endocardial average Hausdorff distance (AHD(endo) ); (2) quantitative parametric maps: mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and helix angle pitch (HAP); and (3) 95% confidence intervals in uncertainty measurements for MD (dMD), FA (dFA), and the primary eigenvector (de(1)(->)). Distortion correction displayed improved geometric fidelity for both median DSC (BU = 0.77, BD = 0.81, DR-BUDDI = 0.85, and TOPUP = 0.86) and median AHD(epi)(BU =2.19 mm, BD= 1.94 mm, DR-BUDDI= 1.46 mm, and TOPUP=1.33mm). Decreases in median FAwere observed for distortion correction data (BU = 0.30, BD = 0.28, DR-BUDDI = 0.27, and TOPUP = 0.26), while median MD fell between conventional BU and BD encoding (BU = 1.58 mu m(2)/ms, BD =1.70 mu m(2)/ms, DR-BUDDI =1.65 mu m(2)/ms, and TOPUP =1.64 mu m(2)/ms). There was little to no change in median HAP between distorted and distortion-corrected data (BU = -0.41, BD=-0.40, DR-BUDDI =-0.41, and TOPUP = -0.36). Distortion correction increased the median for dMD (BU =0.32, BD=0.32, DR-BUDDI =0.36, and TOPUP = 0.41), dFA (BU =0.18, BD=0.17, DR-BUDDI =0.24, and TOPUP = 0.23), and de 1 (BU =22 degrees, BD=22 degrees, DR-BUDDI =44 degrees, and TOPUP=41 degrees). EPI distortion correction techniques improved geometrical characterization (DSC and AHD(epi)), but decreased precision in measuring uncertainty (dMD, dFA, and de(1)(->) ) when compared to conventional (distorted) BU and BD acquisitions. When comparing the two distortion correction techniques, TOPUP provides improved results for cDTI applications.
Keywords:
cardiac MRI
diffusion tensor imaging
distortion correction
FSL TOPUP
TORTOISE DR-BUDDI