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Evaluation of Hybrid CAN XL–Ethernet Architectures for Next-Generation Automotive Networks
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DOI：10.1109/ojvt.2026.3709660.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The Controller Area Network eXtended Length (CAN XL) protocol represents a significant advancement in the evolution of in-vehicle communication technologies, building upon the strengths of Classical CAN and Controller Area Network Flexible Data-Rate (CAN FD). By integrating Ethernet-like frame structures with CAN’s non-destructive arbitration mechanism, CAN XL enables substantially higher data throughput and expanded payload capacities of up to 2048 bytes. This capability allows the protocol to address the increasing communication demands of modern automotive systems. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of CAN XL within hybrid CAN XL–Ethernet architectures for next-generation automotive networks. In addition to examining the protocol’s development and key architectural features, the paper analyzes its compatibility with existing CAN technologies and its seamless integration with automotive Ethernet, forming a unified and scalable networking ecosystem. The study further investigates CAN XL’s robust security capabilities, particularly CAN Security (CANsec), and their role in ensuring data integrity and authenticity in safety-critical applications. Furthermore, representative zonal scenarios are utilized to compare CAN XL and CAN FD under mixed-traffic and concurrent over-the-air update conditions. The results demonstrate that CAN XL significantly improves latency, bandwidth efficiency, and timing predictability, positioning it as a key enabler of Software-Defined Vehicles and next-generation automotive networks. Furthermore, representative zonal scenarios are utilized to compare CAN XL and CAN FD under mixed-traffic and concurrent over-the-air update conditions. The results demonstrate that CAN XL significantly improves latency, bandwidth efficiency, and timing predictability, positioning it as a key enabler of Software-Defined Vehicles and next-generation automotive networks.
Keywords:
CAN XL
CAN FD
CANsec
automotive ethernet
hybrid in-vehicle networks
zonal architecture
software-defined vehicles
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4.8
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493
Citations:
987
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