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Evolving genomic landscape of pediatric pneumococcus in two Canadian urban centers following conjugate vaccination

delete2025-08-20
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OA
AI
S
Sarah Teatero
A
Allison McGeer
L
Leah J. Ricketson
J
James D. Kellner
N
Nahuel Fittipaldi *
DOI：10.3389/fmicb.2025.1642658delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Background and aimPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have significantly reduced pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). However; vaccine escape variants; the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs); and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain ongoing concerns. We aimed to characterize long-term trends in serotype distribution; lineage composition; and AMR patterns among pediatric IPD cases following PCV introduction in two major Canadian urban centers: Calgary; Alberta; and Toronto; Ontario.MethodsWe combined whole-genome sequencing with epidemiologic data from 818 pediatric IPD isolates collected through population-based; active surveillance in Calgary (1998–2016) and Toronto (2009–2016). Phylogenetic analyses; serotype characterization; and AMR profiling were performed to assess temporal trends across three vaccine eras.ResultsPCV implementation reduced vaccine type serotypes but was followed by expansion of NVTs; including serotypes 22F; 33F; and 15B; with regional differences in prevalence. Serotypes 19A and 3 persisted despite PCV13 inclusion. Several pre-vaccine-associated lineages re-emerged under NVT capsules; indicating capsular switching. Macrolide resistance increased in Calgary (7.4–29.3%); distributed across multiple lineages; penicillin resistance remained infrequent.ConclusionOur findings highlight sustained pneumococcal adaptation through serotype replacement; vaccine escape; and AMR dissemination. Ongoing genomic surveillance is essential to monitor these trends and inform vaccination policies.
Keywords:
pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
invasive pneumococcal disease
serotype replacement
antimicrobial resistance
genomic surveillance

Journal

Frontiers in Microbiology cover
Frontiers in Microbiology
IF:
4.5
Papers:
4.0W
Citations:
16.6W

Organization

U
University of Calgary
Scholars:
3.8W
Papers: 3.3W
Citations: 52
Public Health Ontario cover
Public Health Ontario
Scholars:
563
Papers: 321
Citations: 9.8K
D
Department of Microbiology
Scholars:
1.5K
Papers: 704
Citations: 5
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