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Experimental and theoretical study on face stability of shield tunnels in sandy ground
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DOI：10.1016/j.tust.2026.107996.png)
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Abstract
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• Novel half-section model tests with DIC reveal three-stage evolution of support pressure. • A method for determining friction arch height is proposed based on soil displacement. • Elliptical load-bearing arch zone model improves stress transfer mechanism analysis. • Logarithmic spiral slip zone accurately captures failure surface morphology in sand.
Keywords:
Shield tunnel
Face stability
Tunnel model test
Arching effect
Limit support pressure
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