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Experimental investigation of spray cooling heat transfer on vibrating micropillar surfaces
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DOI：10.1016/j.csite.2026.108393.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Spray cooling has attracted considerable attention for the thermal management of high heat flux electronic devices due to its high critical heat flux (CHF) and good temperature uniformity. However, under vibration conditions, the effects of micropillar parameters on the heat transfer capability of spray cooling have not yet been systematically clarified. In this study, a spray cooling experimental rig with replaceable micropillar surfaces was developed under vibration conditions to investigate the effects of micropillar side length, height, and spacing on CHF and heat transfer enhancement ratio. The results show that the CHF exhibits a non-monotonic trend with vibration Reynolds number ( Rev) , first increasing and then decreasing. Moderate vibration can enhance heat transfer by increasing liquid film disturbance and accelerating liquid film renewal. In contrast, excessive vibration can intensify droplet rebound and splashing, reduce the amount of liquid effectively participating in heat transfer, and promote local accumulation of the liquid film, thereby increasing thermal resistance and weakening heat transfer performance. Increasing the micropillar side length and spacing, while reducing the micropillar height, improves spray cooling heat transfer capability. At Rev = 1600, the maximum CHF at a micropillar side length of 2.0 mm is 8.8% higher than that at a side length of 0.5 mm. Furthermore, empirical correlations for CHF were developed from experimental data by introducing dimensionless structural parameters for the micropillar side length, height, and spacing. The predicted CHF values agreed well with the experimental results, with mean absolute errors of 6.5%, 6.6%, and 5.3%, respectively. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimisation of spray cooling systems for high heat flux electronic devices operating in vibration environments.
Keywords:
Micropillar surface
Critical heat flux
Heat transfer enhancement ratio
Vibration
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