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Experimental Study on Pedestrian Evacuation Dynamics under Exit Height Constraints
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DOI：10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100976.png)
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Abstract
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• The study experimentally investigated the influence of vertical height constraints on pedestrian evacuation dynamics. • Alternating movement patterns among pedestrians were observed to contribute to increased flow rate stability. • Vertical height constraints were found to exert a phased impact on evacuation efficiency. • A transition from linear to non-linear pedestrian evacuation behavior was observed under the coupled influence of height constraints and density. • The impact of varying height constraints on evacuation time intervals was quantitatively assessed.
Keywords:
Traffic and crowd dynamics
Height constraint
Stoop evacuation
Nonlinear dynamics
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