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Experimental study on turbulent ejected flame behavior through horizontal openings of combustion cabinets: Mechanism, probability, and pulsation characteristics
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DOI：10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.115011.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The parametric evolution of ejected flame behaviour constitutes a fundamental issue in combustion research, yet studies on flame ejection through horizontal top openings remain scarce. In this study, reduced-scale experiments are conducted using a model combustion cabinet to systematically investigate the effects of opening dimensions and heat release rate (HRR). The work focuses on flame ejection mechanism, ejection probability, and pulsation characteristics. Results demonstrate that flame behaviour evolves through three distinct regimes, namely internal combustion, intermittent ejection, and continuous ejection. Notably, the Global Equivalence Ratio (GER) proves insufficient for characterizing this behaviour, as flame ejection can occur even under well-ventilated conditions. The flame ejection probability (P) is governed by the coupled effects of HRR and opening geometry. Through dimensional analysis incorporating dimensionless HRR, dimensionless ventilation area, and inlet Froude number, a predictive correlation for P is established. Regarding pulsation dynamics, spectral analysis reveals that flame height oscillations exhibit a multi-peak structure under specific conditions rather than a single dominant frequency. Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) explains the underlying interaction mechanism. Beyond the intrinsic instability of buoyancy-driven flames, the periodic entrainment pulsation at the bottom vents propagates to the top opening, resulting in coupling between these two pulsation modes.
Keywords:
flame ejection
combustion cabinet
turbulence
pulsation characteristics
dimensionless analysis
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6.2
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