Expert management of congenital portosystemic shunts and their complications

Congenital portosystemic shunts are often associated with systemic complications, the most challenging of which are liver nodules, pulmonary hypertension, endocrine abnormalities, and neurocognitive dysfunction. In the present paper, we offer expert clinical guidance on the management of liver nodules, pulmonary hypertension, and endocrine abnormalities, and we make recommendations regarding shunt closure and follow-up. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/).

Keywords:

congenital portosystemic shunt

pulmonary hypertension

hepatocellular carcinoma

adenoma

focal nodular hyperplasia

b-catenin

hyperandrogenism

puberty

hypoglycemia

hyperinsulinism

occlusion test

portal pressure

Expert management of congenital portosystemic shunts and their complications

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