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Exploring Phase Sensitivity and Limit of Detection Near the Critical Coupling of Metasurfaces and Their Phase Singularity
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DOI：10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02449.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
It is commonly accepted that phase singularities in refractive index sensors can provide highly sensitive detection. To address this issue, we studied the phase sensitivity and the limit of detection of Tamm photonic crystals used as temperature sensors, taken here as a model system by exploring critical coupling and its associated phase singularity. To finely tune the optical Tamm mode to critical coupling, the top metal layer is periodically nanostructured and controlled, enabling the investigation of optical Tamm resonances around phase singularities. We use a highly stable common-path interferometry setup based on digital holography, which allows us to measure extremely high phase sensitivity even at very low light intensities, while also providing information about reflectivity in the complex domain. We experimentally validate an analytical model based on Temporal Coupled Mode Theory, which fully explains the phase sensitivity response and the limit of detection of such resonant photonic sensors. We demonstrate that approaching a phase singularity can drastically enhance phase sensitivity. However, no improvement in the limit of detection is expected in an experimental configuration using interferometry. The limit of detection could be improved with a phase singularity if the laser power were to be increased at the same time. This work provides a comprehensive description of phase sensors operating at critical coupling.
Keywords:
photonic crystals
Tamm plasmon nanostructures
optical sensor
phase sensitivity
critical coupling point
phase singularity
interferometry
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