.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Return
Exploring the multifunctional elegance of novel phenothiazine-based D-π-A fluorophores: Solvatochromism, dual state emission and mechanochromic luminescence
.png){kind=icon}
PRE
AI
P
K
K
R
S
DOI：10.1016/j.molstruc.2026.146383.png)
.png){kind=icon}
Original request for help.png){kind=icon}
Share.png){kind=icon}
Save
Abstract
En 中文
Phenothiazine-based donor-pi-acceptor (D-pi-A) fluorophores continue to captivate interest owing to their remarkable structural adaptability, rich photophysical behavior, and potential for advanced sensing and optoelectronic technologies. While numerous phenothiazine derivatives have been reported, the unification of aggregation-induced emission (AIE), dual-state emission (DSE), mechanofluorochromic fluorescence (MFC), and solvatochromism within a single molecular framework remains comparatively rare. Herein, we present the rational design, synthesis, and comprehensive characterization of two novel phenothiazine derivatives, PTCPA and PTCTA, engineered with distinct electron-accepting moieties to finally modulate their optical responses. These molecules exhibit pronounced AIE in aggregated states and efficient DSE behavior in both the solution and solid states. With PTCTA, a significant spectral red shift (Delta lambda = 22 nm) and, with PTCPA, a minor red shift (Delta lambda = 7 nm) under mechanical stimulation are also demonstrated, along with well-defined solvatochromic shifts driven by intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, performed to assess band gaps and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) distributions, corroborate the experimental observations and support the structure- property relationships. The convergence of molecular novelty, multifunctional application, and tunable photophysical properties establishes PTCPA and PTCTA as promising candidates for next-generation smart photonic materials.
Keywords:
Phenothiazine derivatives
Dual state emission
Mechanochromic fluorescence
Solvatochromism, Donor-pi-acceptor (d-pi-a) fluorophores, Stimuli-responsive photonic materials
Journal
IF:
4.7
Papers:
3.5W
Citations:
6.6W
Organization
Cited Papers