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Exploring the toxicity of extracts; fractions; and their bioactive components from raw and roasted sea buckthorn seeds on selected human cells
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DOI：10.3389/fmolb.2026.1898968.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
IntroductionWith cancer being one of the leading causes of death worldwide; research into new chemical compounds that could be used in its prevention and treatment is of utmost importance. Plants are rich in diverse active compounds and can be a source of effective anticancer agents. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a promising plant that shows anti-proliferative potential; however; its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Isorhamnetin glycosides (including isorhamnetin 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside) are major components of sea buckthorn seeds; multiple studies showed that isorhamnetin possesses anticancer properties; however; the activity of its many derivatives remains unclear. On the other hand; sea buckthorn seeds also contain serotonin (5-HT); which might stimulate the growth of several types of cancer.MethodsOur present study assessed the in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of two extracts (from raw and roasted seeds); seven fractions (three fractions (a; b; and c) from raw sea buckthorn seeds and four fractions (d; e; f; and g) from roasted sea buckthorn seeds); and two chemical compounds (isorhamnetin 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside; and serotonin) toward PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells); HL-60 (human acute promyelocytic leukemia); and A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cells. Their pro-apoptotic potential; toxicity toward blood platelets; and effect on ROS generation were assessed as well.Results and discussionFraction b (containing mostly flavonol glycosides) had the most promising anticancer activity out of all the tested samples – at the concentration of 50 μg/mL; it decreased the viability of HL-60 cells through the induction of apoptosis. At the same time; it was safe for PBMC and blood platelets. On the other hand; fraction c (that contained serotonin; B-type proanthocyanidins; and other compounds) stimulated A549 cells and; therefore; should be treated with caution. Fractions from roasted seeds were overall weaker than fractions from raw seeds; suggesting that thermal processing might have reduced their activity. In conclusion; fraction b from raw sea buckthorn seeds showed anticancer potential against HL-60 cells; but it should be studied further to determine the activity of individual compounds contained within; their mechanisms of action; and efficiency in vivo.
Keywords:
apoptosis
genotoxicity
cytotoxicity
antioxidant activity
sea buckthorn seeds
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