Expression of Galectin 3 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma and its Association with Histological Grade: A Cross-sectional Study

2026-04-01

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Ipsita Parida

Raychaudhuri, Sujata

Anand Kumar Verma *

Karim, Tanweer

DOI：10.7860/JCDR/2026/84249.23100

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Introduction: The histological grade of breast carcinoma is one of the most valuable prognostic parameters. Galectin 3, a novel marker, plays a salient role in promoting or inhibiting the putative hallmarks of cancer and cancer progression. A change in expression can be utilised for deciding the targeted therapy. Aim: To evaluate the expression of Galectin 3 in Invasive breast carcinoma and to assess its association with histologic grade. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted over one year and five months duration, from April 2023 to August 2024, on 35 patients in the Department of Pathology, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College and Hospital, Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India. These cases were diagnosed as Invasive Breast Carcinoma, No Special Type (NST) on histopathology, and graded as per the Nottingham Histologic score. Fully automated Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using primary antibodies against Galectin 3 (Clone: E412). A score of 0 to 2 was assigned based on the percentage positivity of IHC expression of tumour cells for Galectin 3. The association between the Galectin 3 positivity score and the histologic grade of the tumour cells was studied. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.0, and the x(2) test was applied to assess associations. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Galectin 3-positive tumours were noted in 10 cases (28.6%). A Nottingham score of 6 was seen in maximum cases, 14 (40.0%). A trend towards association was observed, but it did not reach statistical significance (p=0.054). No association was seen between histologic grade and galectin score (p-value=0.056). No significant association (p-value=0.504) was noted between histologic grade and Galectin 3-positive expression (both scores 1 and 2). Conclusion: The present study evaluated the association between Galectin 3 expression, which may have a prognostic value, with histologic grading of breast carcinoma, which is an established prognostic factor. In this study, there was no association between Galectin 3 expression and histologic grade.

Keywords:

Cancer progression

Immunohistochemistry

Nottingham score

Expression of Galectin 3 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma and its Association with Histological Grade: A Cross-sectional Study

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