Extended Multiarm Nested Array Structure for 2-D DOA Estimation

doi:10.1109/tim.2026.3712896

Extended Multiarm Nested Array Structure for 2-D DOA Estimation

2026-01-01

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DOI：10.1109/tim.2026.3712896

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Nested arrays (NAs) have attracted significant attention for their ability to achieve an extended aperture and a high degree of freedom (DOF), which enhances the performance of 2-D direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. However, existing 2-D nested linear arrays suffer from inconsistent azimuth beam resolution, resulting in diminished estimation accuracy. In this article, the multiarm NA (MANA) structure is proposed to achieve the joint advantages of aperture extension and consistent azimuth beam resolution for 2-D DOA estimation. The MANA structure is constructed by using an identical rotation angle to form a symmetric multiarm configuration. Each arm comprises two symmetrical NAs that produce uniformly symmetrical virtual arms in the difference co-array (DCA), thereby ensuring uniform DOF (uDOF) and aperture extension. The azimuth and elevation angles are estimated separately for pairwise orthogonal array arms, and an efficient algorithm named coupling compensation low-complexity multiple signal classification (CCLC-MUSIC) is proposed accordingly to realize high-accuracy and low-complexity compared to the standard 2-D MUSIC algorithm for DOA estimation. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed MANA structure over existing arrays.

Keywords:

Arrays

Direction-of-arrival estimation

Multiple signal classification

Planar arrays

Azimuth

Music

Accuracy

Algorithms

Arm

Matrices

2-D direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation

difference co-array (DCA)

multiarm structure

nested arrays (NAs)

sparse planar array

Extended Multiarm Nested Array Structure for 2-D DOA Estimation

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