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Facile synthesis of iron oxide/hierarchical porous carbon composites as cost-effective supercapacitor electrodes from iron salt-impregnated waste banana stem
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DOI：10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2026.108276.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Banana plantations generate over one billion tons of discarded banana stems each year. Herein, a facile and environment friendly approach is utilized to convert waste banana stems into efficient cost-effective carbon (WBSC) composites embedded with nanostructured iron oxide (alpha-Fe3O4). A two-step process, namely the in-situ hydrothermal treatment of waste banana stems in the presence of iron salt followed by pyrolysis, was adopted to prepare WBSC/Fe3O4 composites. As a result of naturally present high concentrations of potassium salt, the banana stem-derived carbon composite possesses a high specific surface area of 1337.6 m2 g- 1. The large surface area provides an extensive electrode-electrolyte interface for large charge ion accumulation through EDLC, while high porosity shortens ion diffusion paths and improves diffusion kinetics. Further, the nanostructured Fe3O4 facilitates rapid, reversible Faradaic redox reactions at the electrode surface, enhancing the composite material's specific capacitance and energy density by contributing additional capacitance. As-prepared WBSC/Fe3O4 electrode achieved a high specific capacitance (Cgsp) of 787.8 F g- 1 at 0.5 A g- 1, an outstanding rate performance with a retention rate of 64.3% at 12 A g- 1, and a remarkable cycling stability. A solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device (ASC) was assembled with a KOH/PVA membrane-based electrolyte-cum-separator, WBSC/Fe3O4 as the anode and WBSC as the cathode, achieving 63.58 Wh kg- 1 of energy density (ED) at 500 W kg- 1 of power density (PD). Hence, this biowaste-derived carbon composites could be suitable as an efficient anodic material for supercapacitor applications.
Keywords:
Waste banana stems
Activated carbon
Nanostructured Fe 3 O 4
Electrochemical properties
Supercapacitor
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