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Field inhomogeneous distributions and local percolations in Ag-BaTiO3 ceramic-metal composites: the role of microstructural variability
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DOI：10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122638.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This work investigates how composition and microstructural variability influence the dielectric properties of xAg–(1–x)BaTiO3 ceramic-metal composites (denoted as CerMet) through combined modelling/experimental approach. Virtually generated microstructures predict different percolation ranges depending on microstructural modifications. To check such effect, a range of compositions with x ≤ 20 vol.% were synthesized using single-step or two-steps sintering to ensure compositional integrity and similar BaTiO3 grain size. During the consolidation, Ag undergoes melting, migration, and infiltration, generating intricate metal–ceramic connectivity. The permittivity exhibits percolation-like increases near critical compositions around ∼5, ∼11.5, and >20 vol.%, reaching a maximum value of εᵣ ≈ 17,000 at 20°C with tan δ ≤ 2% (at 10 kHz) for x = 11.5 vol.%. The high permittivity compositions selected for X-Ray tomography and detailed microscopic analyses revealed 3D microstructures with specific features, where field concentration (“hot spots”) occurs. These results demonstrate how metal melting during sintering governs microstructural evolution and variability and the important role of the elongated and tortuous filler structures in increasing the CerMet effective permittivity towards giant values towards the percolation limits.
Keywords:
BaTiO3
ceramic-metal composite
percolation
dielectric properties
3D tomography
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9.3
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2.0W
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12.9W
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