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Financial Hardship and Household Food Insecurity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From the Panel Study of Income Dynamics
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DOI：10.1177/08901171261474305.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Purpose</jats:title>
<jats:p>Research has documented changes in food insecurity (FI) in the U.S. during COVID-19, including initial spikes and widening inequities followed by eventual declines. Yet a lack of representative longitudinal data has limited efforts to examine FI trajectories.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Design</jats:title>
<jats:p>We use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine household-level changes in U.S. FI status from pre-pandemic to pandemic periods, evaluate the relationship between experiencing pandemic-induced financial hardship (FH) and FI, and test for mediating and moderating effects of FH on FI.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Setting</jats:title>
<jats:p>United States.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Sample</jats:title>
<jats:p>The analytic sample includes 8097 adults from the 2019 and 2021 waves.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Measures</jats:title>
<jats:p>The outcomes are dichotomous measures of FI in 2019 (25%) and 2021 (22%) derived from the U.S. Food Security Survey Module. The independent variable is a dichotomous FH (22%) measure, measured in 2021.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Analysis</jats:title>
<jats:p>We charted the change in reporting FI from 2019 to 2021 using t-tests and identified which individuals in our sample had higher FI rates in 2021. Females (FI = 53%), Hispanic Americans (FI = 60%), single households (FI = 54%), and those with less than a college degree (FI = 52%) had higher FI in 2021. Using logistic regression techniques, we estimated the association between FH and FI in 2021.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Results</jats:title>
<jats:p>
We find that pandemic FH is significantly associated with experiencing FI, even when controlling for relevant individual and household characteristics and pandemic experiences (OR = 4.83,
<jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic>
< .01). Black respondents who experienced a pandemic-induced FH were almost 3 times more likely to experience FI, while the odds of experiencing FI amidst an FH were lower among respondents who did not identify as Black (OR = 2.7).
</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>
<jats:p>The findings provide early evidence for the relevance – and unequal impact – of pandemic-induced FH on household FI throughout the pandemic.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
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