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Flexible and Wearable Carbon Cloth-Based Supercapacitors: Synthesis, Applications, and Challenges
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DOI：10.1002/celc.202500484.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
With the rapid increase in demand for smart, wearable and flexible electronics, sustainable and high-performing energy storage devices have received enormous attention. In general, electrode materials are supported over metal-based scaffolds such as nickel/copper foam or stainless steel. However, their insufficient mechanical flexibility, higher mass density and high susceptibility towards corrosion limit their applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. In contrast, carbon cloth (CC) emerged as a potential scaffold material owing to its light weight, high flexibility, mechanical robustness and chemical inertness. Flexible CC-based supercapacitors are highly demanding when compared with secondary batteries. Moreover, due to the rigid nature of current commercial batteries, it is difficult to integrate them into flexible and wearable applications, whereas CC-based supercapacitors can be easily integrated into flexible and wearable devices. The inherently hydrophobic CC surface can be activated or modified further with nanomaterials using several methods, with each approach having some advantages and disadvantages, playing a significant role in impacting energy storage performance. Here, we discuss some methods used to activate/hydrophilize the CC and the impact of synthesis parameters on morphology, crystallinity, mass loading and overall electrochemical performance. Key applications and critical aspects that still require attention to achieve optimal performance are discussed with the cost metrics necessary for widespread adoption are highlighted.
Keywords:
Carbon cloth
Electrochemical deposition
Flexible and wearable supercapacitors
Hydrothermal
Microwave synthesis
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