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Fluid sources and evolution at the Triangle orogenic gold deposit (Canada): Evidence from in situ oxygen and boron isotope composition of tourmaline and quartz
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DOI：10.1007/s00126-026-01476-x.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The Triangle orogenic gold deposit (Val-d’Or, Canada) offers a well-constrained setting to investigate shear-hosted gold-bearing quartz–tourmaline–carbonate veins developed across contrasting volcanic, volcanoclastic, and intrusive host rocks. SEM–CL and BSE imaging of veins from two main shear zones (C2 and C4), reveal four types of quartz with variable degrees of deformation and recrystallisation, contrasting with tourmaline that preserves primary oscillatory or irregular zoning defined by subtle Fe–Na variations. In situ SIMS oxygen and boron isotopic analyses of texturally constrained quartz–tourmaline pairs show similar isotopic variability at sample and deposit scales: δ18Oqz = 11.8–14.1‰ (excluding two outliers), δ18Otur = 8.2–11.1‰, and δ11Btur = − 12.6 to − 7.8‰ (excluding two outliers). Quartz–tourmaline geothermometry yields apparent local equilibrium temperatures of ca. 196–417 °C (mean = 321 °C). Calculated fluid compositions range from 1.3‰ to 9.9‰ for δ18Owater and − 8.6 to − 3.6‰ for δ11Bwater. The spread of δ18Owater values and the broad negative correlation between δ18Owater and δ11Bwater are best explained by binary mixing between isotopically distinct fluid components: a metamorphic component represented in the model by δ18Owater ≈ 10‰ and δ11B ≈ − 9‰, and an upper-crustal pore-fluid component represented by δ18Owater ≈ 2‰ and δ11B ≈ − 3‰. These results provide evidence consistent with fluid mixing at both the sample and deposit scales at Triangle, suggesting that interaction between isotopically distinct fluid components controlled fluid evolution during fault-valve cycling and QTC vein formation.
Keywords:
Archean
Orogenic gold
Boron isotopes
Oxygen isotopes
Fluid evolution
Quartz
Tourmaline
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