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Fluorine-free dialkylphosphate-based ionic liquids as supercapacitor electrolytes
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DOI：10.1039/D5YA00217F.png)
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Abstract
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Synthesis; physicochemical; and electrochemical properties are presented for a number of fluorine-free ionic liquids (ILs) comprising dialkylphosphate anions coupled to several N-heterocyclic cations such as pyrrolidinium (Pyrr); piperidinium (Pip) and pyridinium (Py). All the ILs are synthesized in a single-step by reacting trialkyl phosphate with pyrrolidine; piperidine or pyridine. The ILs exhibit thermal decomposition temperatures in the range from 183 to 259 oC; ionic conductivities from 0.07 to 0.57 mS cm−1 at 20 oC and reaches 3.25 mS cm−1 at 60 oC; and electrochemical stability window (ESW) up to 6.8 V on glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The symmetric supercapacitors (SCs) based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using [EMPyrr][DEP] and [BMPyrr][DBP] electrolytes are investigated. The SC based on [EMPyrr][DEP] reveals higher capacity retention; a power density of 1050 W kg−1 and an energy density of 68 Wh kg−1 using 0.5 A g−1 at 60 °C. This paves the way for developing fluorine-free and high-performant electrolytes for supercapacitors operating at elevated temperatures.
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