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Four orders spectral compression of Brillouin fiber laser for broadband microwave frequency measurement
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DOI：10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106332.png)
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Abstract
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A novel technique for microwave frequency measurement (MFM) based on Brillouin fiber laser with a compression ratio exceeding four orders of magnitude is proposed. This method exploits the difference in the propagation velocities of light and sound within a Brillouin resonator, resulting in a spectral compression ratio of 1.82 × 104 between the Brillouin frequency shift and the input optical wavelength. In contrast to existing MFM, this design not only exhibits a wide measurement range but also offers high frequency resolution. In the experiment, the unknown microwave signal in the pump path is first modulated into a single-sideband format using an optical filter and an intensity modulator. The modulated signal acts as the pump to stimulate Brillouin scattering, and the linewidth of the generated Brillouin laser is significantly narrowed through a cascaded resonant cavity comprising two single-mode fiber segments of 500 m and 50 m, respectively. By detecting the beat frequency of the Brillouin lasers in the probe path, wideband MFM is achieved. A 45 GHz broadband microwave spectrum is successfully compressed into a 2.5 MHz frequency domain window at low frequency, achieved by applying a fixed microwave frequency offset based on spectral compression. The frequency resolution was improved to 8.8 MHz using Brillouin laser. Repeated measurements confirmed that the maximum measurement error of the system is 5 MHz. This design provides a feasible solution for a low-cost MFM with optimal performance.
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