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From policy to practice: a multi-dimensional assessment of extractive governance performance in Africa under EITI disclosure frameworks
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DOI：10.1016/j.exis.2026.101915.png)
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Abstract
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Africa occupies a strategic position in global extractive markets, supplying a growing share of the minerals critical to the energy transition. While this presents significant opportunities for development, persistent governance challenges continue to constrain the translation of resource wealth into inclusive and sustainable outcomes. This paper provides a multi-dimensional, cross-country assessment of extractive governance performance in Africa under Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) disclosure frameworks. Using the most recent EITI implementation data, the study examines five interrelated governance dimensions: 'transparency and public access to information', 'accountability and oversight', 'fiscal responsibility and revenue management', 'environmental and social responsibility', and 'equity and inclusion' across 25 African implementing countries. The analysis adopts a comparative governance perspective, synthesising harmonised EITI indicators to assess where institutional arrangements appear relatively strong and where persistent weaknesses remain. The results reveal a clear hierarchy of performance. Fiscal transparency and revenue reporting are comparatively well established on the continent, reflecting EITI's historical focus. In contrast, contract disclosure, beneficial ownership transparency, oversight of state-owned enterprises, environmental governance, and inclusive participation remain consistently underdeveloped. By jointly analysing multiple governance dimensions, the paper moves beyond single-outcome assessments to identify recurring institutional bottlenecks in Africa's extractive sectors. The findings underscore the limitations of transparency-focused reforms when not accompanied by stronger accountability mechanisms, environmental integration, and inclusive governance practices. The study concludes with targeted policy implications aimed at strengthening beneficial ownership regimes, SOE oversight, environmental and social reporting, and participatory institutions, contributing to more effective alignment between transparency initiatives and sustainable development objectives.
Keywords:
Africa
Extractive industries
Governance performance
EITI disclosure
Institutional accountability
Sustainable development
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