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From single to multi-cell stacks: Boosting FCDI performance through process optimization
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DOI：10.1016/j.jece.2026.122247.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Membrane stacking up to three cell pairs reduces FCDI energy consumption. • ASRR, SRE, and CE remain stable across one-, two-, and three-cell-pair designs. • Three-cell-pair configuration achieves ASRR of 128 µg/(cm²·min) at 2 V. • Optimized single-pass operation treats tap water with 50% water recovery. • Stacked FCDI shows strong scalability for brackish water desalination.
Keywords:
FCDI
membrane stacking
energy consumption
desalination
scalability
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