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From solubility mechanisms to scalable solutions: The evolving landscape of ionic liquids for CO2 capture
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DOI：10.1016/j.jil.2025.100185.png)
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Abstract
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The increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 calls for the development of efficient and sustainable capture technologies. Ionic liquids (ILs) have become attractive solvent options for next-generation CO2 capture because of their thermal stability, low vapor pressure, and structurally tunable properties. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of CO2 solubility in ILs, and the underlying mechanisms of physical absorption driven by van der Waals and quadrupole interactions, as well as the chemical absorption via task-specific ILs (TSILs). The influence of IL composition, viscosity, free volume, and cation-anion combinations on CO2 uptake is critically investigated. Also, experimental techniques (e.g. gravimetric microbalance, FTIR, TGA) are reviewed as essential for IL screening and performance prediction. Furthermore, key advancements in hybrid systems, such as IL-polymer composites, IL@MOFs, and supported IL membranes (SILMs), are also investigated. The environmental impacts, such as toxicity and biodegradability, are addressed, along with a techno-economic comparison with conventional solvents. The review highlights that challenges persist, especially factors such as viscosity, system-level energetics, cost, and environmental impact. The review validates that IL has a strong potential for modular and high selectivity as a CO2 capture system.
Keywords:
Ionic liquids (IL)
CO2 capture
Task specific ionic liquids (TSILs)
Zwitterionic ionic liquids
Supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs)
Redox-active Ionic liquids
Solubility mechanisms
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