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From Spatial Gene Mapping to Adaptive Planning Codes: A Governance Framework for Resilient and Sustainable Rural Settlements in Mountainous Regions
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DOI：10.1002/sd.71526.png)
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Abstract
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This study develops an integrated spatial gene–adaptive cycle–network framework for adaptive rural settlement planning in Rwanda's Western Mountainous Region. The framework combines GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Delphi–Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), socio-ecological network analysis, and adaptive cycle theory to assess environmental, infrastructural, socio-economic, and institutional dimensions of settlement resilience. Spatial gene indicators were synthesized within a GIS-based resilience assessment framework, while network metrics were incorporated as independent spatial diagnostic layers to interpret and validate resilience patterns without modifying global MCDA weights. Three settlement typologies were identified: High Resilience Zones (40%), Vulnerable Zones (35%), and Development Opportunity Zones (25%). Cooperatives emerged as key resilience hubs (normalized average betweenness centrality = 0.65). Model reliability was supported by CR < 0.10, 87% classification accuracy, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.81. The framework provides a reproducible decision-support approach for resilience-oriented rural planning and sustainable development in mountainous socio-ecological systems.
Keywords:
adaptive cycle theory
GIS–MCDA
rural resilience
socio-ecological network analysis
spatial gene mapping
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