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Functional characterization of type I chalcone isomerase AmCHI from Astragalus mongholicus and its response mechanism to exogenous hormones
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DOI：10.1016/j.jplph.2026.154814.png)
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Abstract
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Flavonoids, as the principal bioactive constituents of Astragalus mongholicus, play key roles in multiple physiological processes including plant development and stress adaptation. Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and directly determines the production efficiency of flavonoids. However, its catalytic mechanism and in vivo functions in A. mongholicus remain to be elucidated. Exogenous hormone treatments revealed that methyl jasmonate, auxin, and ethephon significantly promoted AmCHI expression and flavonoid accumulation, whereas salicylic acid exhibited an inhibitory effect. Subcellular localization analysis showed that AmCHI is predominantly localized to the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Yeast heterologous expression confirmed its specific catalytic activity in converting naringenin chalcone to naringenin. In vivo functional validation in A. mongholicus demonstrated that overexpression of this gene in transgenic hairy roots significantly increased its transcript level by 2.9-3.5 fold compared with the control, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation by 1.3 fold, whereas gene silencing significantly reduced AmCHI expression by 30-50% and decreased total flavonoid content to 30-55% of the control level. In conclusion, this study systematically elucidates the core regulatory role of AmCHI in flavonoid biosynthesis in A. mongholicus, providing an important theoretical foundation for improving the quality of medicinal plants and for future metabolic engineering efforts.
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