Germinal center responses at barrier organ sites

William S. Foster

doi:10.1016/j.coi.2026.102807

Germinal center responses at barrier organ sites

2026-06-27

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William S. Foster

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Carla R Nowosad

DOI：10.1016/j.coi.2026.102807

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In this review, we detail the features of barrier germinal centers (GC) that form in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) within non-immune organs that host a local microbiome, and posit a framework of immunity where TLS-GCs created at barrier sites are a key part of normal humoral immunity, and that they form the first layer of an intended multi-layered and increasingly defensive adaptive immune system, providing complementary tissue-specific responses, alongside the local secondary lymphoid organ network and systemic immune responses.

Germinal center responses at barrier organ sites

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