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Global 5–methylcytosine and 5–hydroxymethylcytosine levels and their clinical associations in metabolic syndrome
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DOI：10.1080/17501911.2026.2700472.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition characterized by multiple metabolic abnormalities, in which epigenetic regulation has been increasingly implicated. This study aimed to evaluate global DNA methylation markers, 5–methylcytosine (5–mC) and 5–hydroxymethylcytosine (5–hmC), in individuals with MetS and examine their associations with clinical and biochemical parameters.
A total of 200 patients with MetS and 103 healthy controls were included. Global 5–mC and 5–hmC levels were compared between groups. In the MetS group, correlations between these markers and metabolic, renal, and endocrine parameters were assessed using Spearman correlation analysis.
Global 5–mC levels were significantly higher in MetS patients than in controls (p < 0.001), whereas global 5–hmC levels did not differ between groups. However, 5-hmC levels were negatively correlated with body weight, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, creatinine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and free thyroxine (free T4). In contrast, 5-mC levels showed limited associations with clinical parameters.
Global 5–mC levels are elevated in MetS, whereas 5–hmC levels remain unchanged. The broader associations of 5–hmC with clinical and biochemical parameters suggest that hydroxymethylation may provide complementary insight into metabolic heterogeneity in MetS.
Keywords:
Metabolic syndrome
DNA methylation
5–methylcytosine
5–hydroxymethylcytosine
epigenetics
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