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Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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DOI：10.1080/1028415X.2026.2667467.png)
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Abstract
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This study aimed to standardize the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with epilepsy.
Several databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched. Studies up to 2025 on MetS prevalence in people with epilepsy were included. The search covered cross-sectional, cohort, and case–control studies in English that reported MetS prevalence in this group. Statistical analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2). The I² statistic was used to assess heterogeneity across studies, and the random-effects model was applied for data analysis.
Analysis of 24 findings from 18 studies estimated that the overall prevalence of (MetS) in people with epilepsy was 29.6% (95% CI: 25.7%–33.9%). Further analysis showed that the highest prevalence of MetS in epilepsy patients was in studies conducted in South America, with a prevalence of 42.4% (95% CI: 37.8%–47.0%). The only study that used the Harmonized Criteria diagnostic tool reported the prevalence equal to 49.4% (95% CI: 39.2%–59.7%). Furthermore, a meta-regression analysis found no significant association between the year of publication or the number of participants and the prevalence of MetS in epilepsy patients (P > 0.01).
The results highlighted a high prevalence of MetS among patients with epilepsy. Therefore, healthcare professionals should not only focus on epilepsy but also regularly monitor risk factors associated with MetS and identify them early in patients with epilepsy.
Keywords:
Prevalence
metabolic syndrome
epilepsy
meta-analysis
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