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Global Roadmaps for Post-Quantum Era in Finance: Policies, Timelines, and a Pragmatic Playbook for Migration
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DOI：10.3390/fintech5010016.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Quantum computing threatens the security foundations of global financial systems, exposing long-lived data and signed digital assets to harvest-now, decrypt-later attacks. While the timeline for cryptographically relevant quantum computers remains uncertain, regulatory signals from the USA, UK, EU, Canada, and Australia converge: financial institutions and payment infrastructures must begin migrating to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) now to preserve confidentiality, integrity, and systemic stability. This paper maps emerging standards and roadmaps, contrasting binding requirements like the EU's DORA crypto-agility provisions with non-binding guidance from NIST, ENISA, and ETSI. Despite a shared intent to secure high-risk use cases by 2030-2031 and complete migration by 2035, divergences in enforcement and milestones create uncertainty for cross-border banks and financial market infrastructures. In parallel, technical adoption is advancing: major browsers, cryptographic libraries (OpenSSL/BoringSSL), and CDNs (e.g., AWS CloudFront) have deployed hybrid PQC key exchange in TLS 1.3, proving confidentiality defenses are viable at internet scale. The paper synthesizes historical transition lessons, sector-specific regulatory drivers, and operational constraints in payment infrastructures to derive a new, principle-based migration: crypto-agility, risk-prioritized scoping, hybrid deployment, vendor and supply-chain alignment, independent testing, and proactive supervisory engagement. Acting now reduces long-tail exposure and ensures readiness for imminent compliance and interoperability deadlines.
Keywords:
post-quantum
quantum-safe migration
crypto-agility
hybrid TLS
financial market infrastructures
operational resilience
cross-border compliance
NIST FIPS 203/204
ENISA guidance
harvest-now-decrypt-later
G28
G15
D82
O33
L86
