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Gold and REE pre-enrichment of lithospheric mantle aided genesis of Mesozoic giant ore deposits, eastern North China Craton
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DOI：10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105650.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The role of Archean mantle metasomatism in pre-enriching the lithospheric mantle as driver for subsequent formation of giant ore deposits remains poorly understood, particularly regarding how metasomatic styles and melting pressures control metal endowments. Here we address this issue through an integrated analysis of whole-rock geochemical and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope data from Archean TTGs and greenstones in the Luxi and Jiaobei terranes of the North China Craton, combined with phase equilibrium modelling. Our data shows TTGs in our study include crust-derived TTGs and mantle-derived sanukitoids. The Jiaobei Terrane records a longer magmatic history (ca. 2.9–2.5 Ga) within a thicker arc crust, whereas the Luxi Terrane documents a shorter magmatic history (ca. 2.7–2.5 Ga) within a thinner arc crust. Greenstones, sanukitoids and TTGs reveal different metasomatic histories beneath the two terranes. The Luxi Terrane records a transition from fluid- to melt-dominated metasomatism, whereas the Jiaobei Terrane records fluid-controlled metasomatism. These contrasting styles, coupled with distinct melting pressures, explain the different metal endowments in these terranes. Low-pressure melting of mantle that had been metasomatized by sediment-derived melts in the Luxi Terrane promoted REE enrichment, whereas high-pressure melting of fluid-metasomatized mantle in the Jiaobei Terrane facilitated enrichment in gold. These Archean processes preconditioned the lithosphere for subsequent Mesozoic mineralization, with the Luxi Terrane hosting REE deposits and the Jiaobei Terrane hosting giant gold provinces. Our findings demonstrate that the integrated use of greenstones, sanukitoids, and TTGs provides a robust framework for tracking mantle metasomatic evolution and its metallogenic consequences in Archean cratons.
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