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Gradient Eu3+/Mn2+ Ion-Pair Engineering: A Synergistic Bulk–Interface Optimization Strategy for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
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DOI：10.1002/adfm.77022.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Bulk–interface engineering of the electron transport layer (ETL) with Eu3+/Mn2+ ion pairs appears to be a powerful strategy for simultaneously enhancing both efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This synergistic approach improves device performance by concurrently promoting bulk carrier transport and separation while optimizing interfacial properties. In this study, Eu3+ and Mn2+ ions were strategically incorporated into the SnO2 ETL via a low-temperature chemical bath deposition process. The modified SnO2 exhibits significantly improved electronic properties, including a 2.28fold increase in electron mobility, while maintaining favorable energylevel alignment with the perovskite absorber layer. Importantly, Mn2+ facilitated the diffusion of Eu3+ into the perovskite bulk phase, whereas Mn2+ itself preferentially accumulated at the surface, forming an ideal gradient‑doped architecture. This “bulk‑phase presence of Eu3+ coupled with surface-enriched Mn2+” configuration provides effective defect passivation across both bulk and interfacial regions. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, n-i-p structured MAPbI3 and FACsPbI3 PSCs achieved champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 22.51% and 25.97%, respectively, along with markedly enhanced operational stability. Overall, this work presents a versatile and effective strategy for advancing high-efficiency, stable PSCs through coordinated bulk–interface engineering.
Keywords:
defects passivation
electron transport layer
perovskite solar cells
SnO2
stability
Journal
IF:
19
Papers:
3.4W
Citations:
32.1W
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