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Graph Transformers: A Survey

delete2026-01-12
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PRE
AI
A
Ahsan Shehzad
F
Feng Xia
S
Shagufta Abid
C
Ciyuan Peng
S
Shuo Yu
D
Dongyu Zhang
K
Karin Verspoor
DOI:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3646122delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Graph transformers are a recent advancement in machine learning, offering a new class of neural network models for graph-structured data. The synergy between transformers and graph learning demonstrates strong performance and versatility across various graph-related tasks. This survey provides an in-depth review of recent progress and challenges in graph transformer research. We begin with foundational concepts of graphs and transformers. We then explore design perspectives of graph transformers, focusing on how they integrate graph inductive biases and graph attention mechanisms into the transformer architecture. Furthermore, we propose a taxonomy classifying graph transformers based on depth, scalability, and pretraining strategies, summarizing key principles for effective development of graph transformer models. Beyond technical analysis, we discuss the applications of graph transformer models for node-level, edge-level, and graph-level tasks, exploring their potential in other application scenarios as well. Finally, we identify remaining challenges in the field, such as scalability and efficiency, generalization and robustness, interpretability and explainability, dynamic and complex graphs, as well as data quality and diversity, charting future directions for graph transformer research.
Keywords:
Attention
graph learning
graph neural network (GNN)
graph transformer
network embedding
representation learning

Journal

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems cover
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
IF:
8.9
Papers:
7.6K
Citations:
7.2W

Organization

F
Federation University Australia
Scholars:
2.0K
Papers: 2.3K
Citations: 17
R
RMIT University
Scholars:
3.1K
Papers: 1.7K
Citations: 2.6W
D
Dalian University of Technology
Scholars:
6.0W
Papers: 4.4W
Citations: 5.5W
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Cited Papers

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