Graphene-based microelectrodes with bidirectional functionality for next-generation retinal electronic interfaces

doi:10.1039/d4nh00282b

Graphene-based microelectrodes with bidirectional functionality for next-generation retinal electronic interfaces

2024-01-01

2

OA

AI

Eduard Masvidal‐Codina

Jose Manuel de la Cruz

María del Pilar Bernicola

J

José Gabriel Macias-Montero

G

Gustavo Castro‐Olvera

DOI：10.1039/d4nh00282b

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Neuroelectronic prostheses are being developed for restoring vision at the retinal level in patients who have lost their sight due to photoreceptor loss. The core component of these devices is the electrode array, which enables interfacing with retinal neurons. Generating the perception of meaningful images requires high-density microelectrode arrays (MEAs) capable of precisely activating targeted retinal neurons. Achieving this precision necessitates the downscaling of electrodes to micrometer dimensions. However, miniaturization increases electrode impedance, which poses challenges by limiting the amount of current that can be delivered, thereby impairing the electrode's capability for effective neural modulation. Additionally, it elevates noise levels, reducing the signal quality of the recorded neural activity. This report focuses on evaluating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based devices for interfacing with the retina, showcasing their potential in vision restoration. Our findings reveal low impedance and high charge injection limit for microscale rGO electrodes, confirming their suitability for developing next-generation high-density retinal devices. We successfully demonstrated bidirectional interfacing with cell cultures and explanted retinal tissue, enabling the identification and modulation of multiple cells' activity. Additionally, calcium imaging allowed real-time monitoring of retinal cell dynamics, demonstrating a significant reduction in activated areas with small-sized electrodes. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for developing advanced rGO-based MEAs for high-acuity visual prostheses. This article presents the development and testing of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) microelectrode arrays for interfacing with retinal neurons, showcasing their potential for high-density visual prosthetics.

Keywords:

ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION

TEMPORAL PROPERTIES

VISUAL-PERCEPTION

GANGLION-CELLS

TRIAL

MODEL

Graphene-based microelectrodes with bidirectional functionality for next-generation retinal electronic interfaces

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