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Green Formulation of Menadione-Loaded Niosome as a Skin-Lightening Preparation: In Vitro/In Vivo Safety Evaluation on Wistar Rat
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DOI：10.34172/apb.42731.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Purpose: In the present research, a green technique (an ultrasonic method) was used to synthesize menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) niosome (Menasome) which is used to improve dermal delivery and increase anti-melanogenesis activities. Methods: Various cholesterol: surfactant (Chol: Sur) ratios were investigated to optimize the Menasomes. Photon correlation spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to characterize the solid state of MSB in nanoparticle form. Additionally, the optimized formulation was used to investigate ex-vivo skin absorption, in vivo skin irritation, in vitro cell survival, and anti-melanogenesis activity. Results: The results exhibited that increasing cholesterol declined the average size of the Menasomes from 653.766 +/- 25.171 nm to 298.133 +/- 8.823 nm and increased entrapment efficiency 30.237 +/- 3.4204% to 83.616 +/- 2.550 %. The rat skin permeation study indicated that Menasome gel administered more MSB in dermal layers (439.000 +/- 36.190 mu g/cm2 or 23.827 +/- 1.964%) than MSB plain gel (286.200 +/- 22.6 mu g/cm2or 15.53 +/- 1.227%). In both the in vivo skin irritation test and the in vitro cytotoxicity experiment, the extended-release behavior of the enhanced Menasome demonstrated a minimal side effect profile. Furthermore, optimum Menasome inhibited melanin formation (37.426 +/- 1.644% at 15 mu M) greater than free MSB (57.383 +/- 1.654%) considerably (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Menasome 7 prevented L-dopa auto- oxidation in higher levels (95.140 +/- 2.439%) than pure MSB solution (83.953 +/- 1.629%). Conclusion: According to the study's findings, the prepared Menasome could be employed as a viable nanovehicle for MSB dermal delivery, a promising solution for the management of human hyperpigmentation disorders.
Keywords:
Green technique
Anti-melanogenesis
Menadione
Niosome
Cosmetic
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