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Hadamard-Pi: Equational Quantum Programming

delete2026-01-01
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PRE
AI
W
Wang Fang *
C
Chris Heunen
R
Robin Kaarsgaard
DOI:10.1145/3776647delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Quantum computing offers advantages over classical computation, yet the precise features that set the two apart remain unclear. In the standard quantum circuit model, adding a 1-qubit basis-changing gate-commonly chosen to be the Hadamard gate-to a universal set of classical reversible gates yields computationally universal quantum computation. However, the computational behaviours enabled by this addition are not fully characterised. We give such a characterisation by introducing a small quantum programming language extending the universal classical reversible programming language Pi with a single primitive corresponding to the Hadamard gate. The language comes equipped with a sound and complete categorical semantics that is specified by a purely equational theory. Completeness is shown by means of a novel finite presentation, and a corresponding synthesis algorithm, for the groups of orthogonal matrices with entries in the ring Z [ 1 1 root 1 root 2 1 root 2].
Keywords:
Quantum computing
reversible computing
Hadamard gate
quantum circuit
rig category
orthogonal group

Journal

P
Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages-PACMPL
IF:
2.8
Papers:
308
Citations:
4.7K

Organization

U
university of southern denmark
Scholars:
3.5K
Papers: 1.6K
Citations: 1
U
University of Edinburgh
Scholars:
5.1W
Papers: 4.6W
Citations: 71