.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Return
Hardware Security for Edge Computing Via CMOS-Compatible Multi-Level Flash Memory with Hash-Based Key Generation
.png){kind=icon}
OA
AI
DOI：10.1002/aelm.202500484.png)
.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Share.png){kind=icon}
Save
Abstract
En 中文
Ensuring secure and energy-efficient authentication of resource-constrained devices has become a critical challenge owing to the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) that exploit inherent manufacturing variations to generate device-unique keys have emerged as a promising hardware-based security primitive. In this study, a PUF architecture is proposed that utilizes multi-level programming of flash memory capacitors. Reliable and reproducible binary responses are generated across multiple programmed states by extracting flat-band voltage variations from capacitance–voltage measurements. Performance is evaluated using the uniformity, P-value, inter-Hamming distance, and intra-Hamming distance, which indicated strong randomness, uniqueness, and stability. To further enhance the entropy and cryptographic strength, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC)-based key derivation function is integrated, which transformed the PUF outputs into high-entropy pseudorandom keys. The final architecture supported key generation with zero standby power and is compatible with commercially available memory structures, thereby enabling low-cost and scalable deployment in secure IoT systems. These results highlight the potential of multi-level memory-based PUFs as a lightweight and robust solution for next-generation hardware security.
Keywords:
flash memory
hash-based message authentication code (HMAC)
HMAC-based key derivation function (HKDF)
multi-level
physically unclonable function (PUF)
AI Summary
Key information extracted from the uploaded paper, including a brief overview, abstract, background, key highlights, visual analysis, and future outlook.
Journal
IF:
5.3
Papers:
931
Citations:
1.8W
Organization
View more organizations